![]() ![]() These latter are implemented in close collaboration with the journals, and their number is increasing by several hundreds per year. In July 2001, it contains more than 3,000 catalogues, from the collection of 4,021 catalogues available at CDS (which also includes older versions of catalogues, and more than 300 catalogues not well suited for browsing but which can be copied by ftp): most of them are reference catalogues and tables 5 published in journals. The VizieR catalogue browser federates information in tabular format. It also links from * † ‡ objects to the HEASARC and IUE data, and from bibliographic references to the full set of ADS information and to the original paper in the electronic journal when available. SIMBAD gives access to complementary information from the other CDS services: full catalogue data from VizieR (since March 2001), images from Aladin, information about identifiers from the Dictionary of Nomenclature. The top of the default result page is shown in Fig. ), by checking the presence of an identifier from one catalogue or of citations in a given range of years. SIMBAD permits different query modes: by object name, around a position (given by coordinates or object names), by reference, by lists of positions, object names or reference, by constraining the basic data (magnitude, color index, spectral type. In July 2001, SIMBAD contains 2,800,000 objects, 7,750,000 identifiers, 122,000 bibliographical references, and 3,560,000 citations of objects in papers. It also contains basic data such as position, object type, proper motion for stars and redshift for extragalactic objects. In particular, it keeps track of all the names of one object in different catalogues and published tables ( ‘ identifiers ’ ), and of all the papers in which a given object has been cited. SIMBAD contains information about astronomical objects. Each service organizes information differently, permits flexible queries, and implements links with the other CDS services and with other distributed information holdings (archives, data centers, journals, databases). The CDS services integrate information selected from heterogeneous sources: publications, catalogues, archives, and large surveys. All services developed and hosted by CDS are accessible from the CDS home page at (Fig. A detailed description of CDS was published in Ref. On the other hand, to follow the very rapid pace of technical evolution in these domains, technological watch and R&D activities are carried on at a sizable level, and taken into account in decision making about new developments. ![]() To secure the quality of the service contents, selection, validation and homogenization of information is the long-term, daily task of a highly specialized team. The CDS activity has several facets: development and maintenance of services, in all their aspects – contents, data management, user interface, operations definition of standards and generic tools participation to projects. CDS is operated under joint responsibility of the Institut National des Sciences de l ’ Univers (INSU) and Universit é Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg. ![]() The CDS became Centre de Donn é es astronomiques de Strasbourg in 1983, and since then it has been dealing with all kinds of astronomical objects and information. Networking of information has been made possible by partnership between the actors, in particular for the definition of a 1 set of de facto exchange standards, many of them developed well before the advent of the At that time the main topic was studying galactic stellar populations and dynamics. specialized data centers, in particular the disciplinary NASA data centers and the ADS, distribute data and tools adapted to their domain - journals have very rapidly implemented electronic versions, in close connection in particular with data centers - data centers such as the CDS develop value-added services to help astronomers to retrieve and use information from the wide variety of available resources. Major actors develop different kinds of services, in their respective fields of expertise: - observatories implement archive services, which contains data, and information about data quality, instruments, observation procedures. ![]() progress of information networking in astronomy has been tremendous in the last years, taking the best advantage of the possibilities offered by the The The quality of distributed information and the suitability of the services for the diversity of scientific needs are key assets. ![]()
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